c. 2.5M BCE
The First Tools
How early humans shaped survival through stone technology.
Fire and Control
The transformation of diet, shelter, and social organization.
Ideas, Events, and Turning Points
A chronological record of movements, conflicts, and transformations that shaped societies.
c. 400K BCE
c. 10,000 BCE
The Agricultural Shift
How farming reshaped property, hierarchy, and settlement.
c. 3000 BCE
Birth of Civilizations
The rise of states, writing, and organized power.
500 BCE – 1500 CE
Age of Empires
Expansion, conquest, administration, and cultural exchange.
1750–1947
Colonial Rule
Economic extraction, political domination, and social restructuring.
1857
Before the Revolt
How decades of pressure turned into organized resistance.
1915
Religious Conflict in Ceylon
Colonial administration, identity politics, and social fracture.
1947
Road to Independence
Negotiation, mass movements, and imperial retreat.